Call back in 48 hours: Difference between revisions

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<div style="font-family:serif; font-size:1.5rem; margin:20px 15px 20px 5px;">''&ldquo;Call back in 48 hours...&rdquo;''</div>
<div style="font-family:serif; font-size:1.25rem; margin:15px 10px 0 10px; white-space:no-wrap;">''&ldquo;Call back in 48 hours...&rdquo;''</div>
<div style="text-align:right;"><small>&mdash;Nanaimo RCMP to Lisa's mother<br>
<div style="text-align:right; font-size:85%; font-family:sans-serif;">&mdash;Nanaimo RCMP to Lisa's mother<br>
July 1, 2002 11:30am</small></div>
July 1, 2002 11:30am</div>  
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== Summary ==
== Summary ==
When Lisa's mother first called Nanaimo RCMP to report Lisa's disappearance, '''RCMP staff refused to accept the report''', and advised her to call back in 2 days.
When Lisa's mother first called Nanaimo RCMP to report Lisa's disappearance, '''RCMP staff refused to accept the report''', and advised her to call back in 2 days.


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=== Parent's efforts before calling RCMP ===
=== Parent's efforts before calling RCMP ===
Lisa's parents had reason to be concerned; it was not without due diligence that the decision was made to contact the RCMP.
Lisa's parents had reason to be concerned; it was not without due diligence that the decision was made to contact the RCMP.


[[File:ndn20020725d.png|border|frame|left|alt=…about to move into a new apartment|''Nanaimo Daily News'', July 25, 2002 (Nelson Bennet)<ref name="ndn20020725">Nelson Bennet, <span class='ndn logo'></span>Nanaimo Daily News (July 25, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/image/326058761 "Lisa's kin follow psychic tip"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/ndn20020725 ndn20020725]</span></ref>]]
{{NDN20020725d.png|left}}


[[File:tc20040404i.png|border|frame|right|alt=...her father was to help her move into a new apartment the day she went missing|''Times Colonist'', April 4, 2004 (Jim Gibson)<ref name="tc20040404">Jim Gibson, <span class='tc logo'></span>Times Colonist (Apr 4, 2004), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/image/509476097 "The case Nanaimo can't forget"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/tc20040404 tc20040404]</span></ref>]]
{{TC20040404i.png|right}}


'''Lisa had failed to show up for early-morning plans with her father''',<ref name="ndn20020704">Paul Walton, <span class='ndn logo'></span>Nanaimo Daily News (July 4, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39030175 "Parents fear daughter the victim of foul play"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/ndn20020704 ndn20020704]</span></ref> who was going to help her move into her new apartment using his [[Purolator_Courier|Purolator Courier]] truck.<ref name="ndn20020725"/><ref name="tc20040404"/> The move was something Lisa had been looking forward to,<ref name="p20020902">Jason Proctor, <span class='p logo'></span>Province (Sep 2, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50704952 "Where is Lisa-Marie?"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/p20020902 p20020902]</span></ref> and she had pre-paid a deposit on her new unit. As Lisa was normally extremely reliable, her parents were immediately very concerned.<ref name="ndn20020710">Paul Walton, <span class='ndn logo'></span>Nanaimo Daily News (July 10, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50704917 "Police fear local met with foul play"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/ndn20020710 ndn20020710]</span></ref><ref name="cd20210505">Jolene Rudisuela, <span class='cd logo'></span>Capital Daily (May 5, 2021), ''[https://www.capitaldaily.ca/news/bc-missing-person-red-dress "More people go missing in BC than anywhere else in Canada. No one knows why"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>cd20210505</span></ref><ref name="fmt20020710"><span class='fmt logo'></span>Fort McMurray Today (July 10, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101196997 "Foul play suspected in missing B.C. woman"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/fmt20020710 fmt20020710]</span></ref>
'''Lisa had failed to show up for early-morning plans with her father''',{{NDN20020704}} who was going to help her move into her new apartment using his [[Purolator Courier]] truck.{{NDN20020725}}{{TC20040404}} The move was something Lisa had been looking forward to,{{P20020902}} and she had pre-paid a deposit on her new unit. As Lisa was normally extremely reliable, her parents were immediately very concerned.{{NDN20020710}}{{CD20210505}}{{FMT20020710}}


<br style="clear:both"/>
<br style="clear:both"/>


[[File:ndn20020704e.png|border|frame|left|alt=Efforts to call her cellphone since then have been met only with voice mail.|''Nanaimo Daily News'', July 4, 2002 (Paul Walton)<ref name="ndn20020704">Paul Walton, <span class='ndn logo'></span>Nanaimo Daily News (July 4, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39030175 "Parents fear daughter the victim of foul play"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/ndn20020704 ndn20020704]</span></ref>]]
{{NDN20020704e.png|left}}


[[File:ndn20020709b.png|border|frame|right|alt=they were very close with their daughter, and it was unlike her to not be in touch|''Nanaimo Daily News'', July 9, 2002 (Paul Walton)<ref name="ndn20020709">Paul Walton, <span class='ndn logo'></span>Nanaimo Daily News (July 9, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/image/326041248 "RCMP keep searching for woman"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/ndn20020709 ndn20020709]</span></ref>]]
{{NDN20020709b.png}}


'''Calls by Lisa's mother to her cellphone were forwarded directly to voicemail'''.<ref name="ndn20020704"/> This added concern as Lisa had purchased the cellphone proactively/primarily so that her parents could always contact her (as she'd always been very close to her parents).<ref name="ndn20020709"/> Lisa always carefully ensured the phone was charged, and she had never powered it off.<ref name="hss20190624"/>
'''Calls by Lisa's mother to her cellphone were forwarded directly to voicemail'''.{{NDN20020704}} This added concern as Lisa had purchased the cellphone proactively/primarily so that her parents could always contact her (as she'd always been very close to her parents).{{NDN20020709}} Lisa always carefully ensured the phone was charged, and she had never powered it off.{{HSS20190624}}


<br style="clear:both"/>
<br style="clear:both"/>


[[File:nw20150501b.png|border|frame|left|alt=She called every number in [Lisa's phone book]|''NWAC'', May 1, 2015 (Allison Crowe)<ref name="nw20150501">Allison Crowe, <span class='nw logo'></span>NWAC (May 1, 2015), ''[https://www.nwac.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/NWAC_Story_Telling_Lisa_Marie_Young.pdf "Story Telling - Lisa Marie Young (PDF)"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>nw20150501</span></ref>]]
{{NW20150501b.png|left|350px}}
 
{{NDN20020712a.png|right}}
 
'''Lisa's parents retrieved her address book and called ''"all"'' of her many friends.'''{{NW20150501}} Multiple friends said they saw her the previous night, in conversation outside the bar with the unknown male driver of a maroon [[Jaguar]].{{NDN20020712}} Others reported seeing her at a [[827 Nanaimo Lakes Road|houseparty]] on Nanaimo Lakes Road{{NDN20030529}}, or leaving a second party around the [[Cathers Lake]] area, in the maroon Jaguar.{{VS20110226}} But nobody knew where Lisa was now.{{HOC20201008}}
 


[[File:ndn20020712a.png|border|frame|right|alt=maroon or red four-door Jaguar|''Nanaimo Daily News'', July 12, 2002 (Paul Walton)<ref name="ndn20020712">Paul Walton, <span class='ndn logo'></span>Nanaimo Daily News (July 12, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50704933 "Woman's disappearance leaves friends perplexed ...rumours unfounded"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/ndn20020712 ndn20020712]</span></ref>]]
<span class="info"></span><big>'''See also &rarr;''' ''"[[Reasons to suspect foul play]]"''</big>


'''Lisa's parents retrieved her address book and called ''"all"'' of her many friends.'''<ref name="nw20150501"/> Multiple friends said they saw her the previous night, in conversation outside the bar with the unknown male driver of a maroon Jaguar.<ref name="ndn20020712"/> Others reported seeing her at a houseparty on Nanaimo Lakes Road<ref name="ndn20030529">Paul Walton,<span class='ndn logo'></span>Nanaimo Daily News (May 29, 2003), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50190923 "When sadness turns to anger"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/ndn20030529 ndn20030529]</span></ref>
, or leaving a second party around the Cathers Lake area, in the maroon Jaguar.<ref name="vs20110226"><span class='vs logo'></span>Vancouver Sun (Feb 26, 2011), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/image/497701497 "Nanaimo RCMP appeal for help"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/vs20110226 vs20110226]</span></ref> But nobody knew where Lisa was now.<ref name="hoc20201008"/>


<hr style="clear:both"/>
<hr style="clear:both"/>


=== Contacted Police ===
=== Contacted Police ===
[[File:ndn20020710a.png|border|frame|left|alt=[Lisa's parents] called the Nanaimo RCMP detachment at 11:30am on July 1<sup>st</sup>.|''Nanaimo Daily News'', July 10, 2002 (Paul Walton)<ref name="ndn20020710">Paul Walton, <span class='ndn logo'></span>Nanaimo Daily News (July 10, 2002), ''[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50704917 "Police fear local met with foul play"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>[https://lisamarieyoung.ca/n/ndn20020710 ndn20020710]</span></ref>]]
{{NDN20020710a.png|left}}
 
{{NW20150501c.png}}


[[File:nw20150501c.png|border|frame|right|alt=Frantic, Don and Joanne decided to call the police|''NWAC'', May 1, 2015 (Allison Crowe)<ref name="nw20150501">Allison Crowe, <span class='nw logo'></span>NWAC (May 1, 2015), ''[https://www.nwac.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/NWAC_Story_Telling_Lisa_Marie_Young.pdf "Story Telling - Lisa Marie Young (PDF)"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>nw20150501</span></ref>]]
By this point, Lisa's parents were frantic.{{NW20150501}}


By this point, Lisa's parents were frantic.<ref name="nw20150501"/>
On '''Monday, July 1<sup>st</sup>, 2002''' (Canada Day) at about '''11:30am'''{{NDN20020710}}, Joanne Young (Lisa's mother) called the Nanaimo RCMP detachment to report that her daughter was missing.{{NW20150501}}


On Monday, July 1<sup>st</sup>, 2002 (Canada Day) at about 11:30am<ref name="ndn20020710"/>, Joanne Young (Lisa's mother) called the Nanaimo RCMP detachment to report that her daughter was missing.<ref name="nw20150501"/>


<hr style="clear:both"/>
<hr style="clear:both"/>


=== Report refused by RCMP ===
=== Report refused by RCMP ===
<!--[[File:hoc20201008_manly_48hours.png|300px|thumb|right|border|frame|alt=they said just give it 48 hours|MP Paul Manly, ''House of Commons'', Dec 8, 2020{{HOC20201008}}]]-->
{{HSS20190624b.png|right}}


[[File:hss20190624b.png|border|frame|left|alt=[RCMP] said they needed her to be gone 48 hours [before a report could be filed]|''Ha-Shilth-Sa'', June 24, 2019 (Eric Plummer)<ref name="hss20190624">Eric Plummer, <span class='hss logo'></span>Ha-Shilth-Sa (June 24, 2019), ''[https://hashilthsa.com/news/2019-06-24/legacy-lisa-marie-young-hang-tofino "Legacy of Lisa Marie Young to hang in Tofino"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>hss20190624</span></ref>]]
RCMP staff told Lisa's mother that '''''a report couldn't be filed until 48 hours after Lisa was last seen'''''.


[[File:hoc20201008_manly_48hours.png|300px|thumb|right|border|frame|alt=they said just give it 48 hours|MP Paul Manly, ''House of Commons'', Dec 8, 2020<ref name="hoc20201008">Paul Manly, <span class='hoc logo'></span>House of Commons (Oct 8, 2020), ''[https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/43-2/house/sitting-12/hansard#Int-10946048 "Debates (Hansard) No. 12 (43-2) at 1525"]'' <span style='font-size:66%;'>hoc20201008</span></ref>]]
She was advised to call back to file the report after 2 days had passed.{{NDN20020704}}{{HSS20190624}}{{HOC20201008}}{{NW20150501}}


RCMP staff told Lisa's mother that '''''a report could not be filed until 48 hours after Lisa was last seen''''', so she should call back at that point.<ref name="hss20190624"/><ref name="hoc20201008"/><ref name="ndn20020704"/>
<!--{{HSS20190624b.png|left}}-->
[[File:hoc20201008_manly_48hours.png|thumb|370px|left|border|frame|link=File:HOC_2020-10-08_Paul_Manly.mp4|alt=they said just give it 48 hours|MP Paul Manly, ''House of Commons'', Dec 8, 2020{{HOC20201008}}]]


<hr style="clear:both"/>
<hr style="clear:both"/>


=== Policy & Research ===
=== Policy & Research ===
{{ABC20181008a.png|right|200px}}


[[File:abc20181008a.png|border|thumb|230px|frame|right|alt=the first 72 hours in a missing persons investigation are the most critical, according to criminology experts|''ABC News'', October 8, 2018 (Julia Jacobo)<ref name="abc20181008">Julia Jacobo, <span class='abc logo'></span>ABC News (October 8, 2018), ''[https://abcnews.go.com/US/72-hours-missing-persons-investigation-critical-criminology-experts/story?id=58292638 "Why the first 72 hours in a missing persons investigation are the most critical, according to criminology experts"]''</ref>]]
While once a common myth, '''<u>no</u> police force in Canada has <u>ever</u> had a policy requiring a "waiting period"''' before submission of a ''missing persons'' report.{{MP20121201}}


While once a common myth, '''<u>no</u> police force in Canada has <u>ever</u> had a policy requiring a "waiting period"''' before submission of a ''missing persons'' report.<ref name="mp20121201"><span class='mpi logo'></span>Canadian Centre for Information on Missing Adults, ''[https://missingpersonsinformation.ca/resources/quick-facts-about-reporting-a-missing-adult-in-canada/ "Quick Facts about Reporting a Missing Adult in Canada"]''</ref>
Research shows that the first 72 hours are actually the ''most'' critical time frame of a "missing persons" investigation.{{ABC20181008}}{{First72hours}}


Research shows that the first 72 hours are actually the ''most'' critical time frame of a "missing persons" investigation.<ref name="abc20181008"/><ref><span class='niw logo'></span>NIWRC, ''[https://www.niwrc.org/resources/brochure/when-loved-one-goes-missing-quick-reference-guide-what-do-first-72-hours "Quick Reference Guide for What to Do in the First 72 Hours"]''</ref>


[[File:ccima_48_hour_myth.png|left|180px|border|frame|Canadian Centre for Information on Missing Adults, ''"Quick Facts about Reporting a Missing Adult in Canada"''<ref name="mp20121201"/>]]
[[File:ccima_48_hour_myth.png|left|border|frame|Canadian Centre for Information on Missing Adults, ''"Quick Facts about Reporting a Missing Adult in Canada"''{{MP20121201}}]]


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<!--
* '''&#129052; <span style="font-family:monospace; font-weight:600;">Previous:&nbsp; '''<sup>#</sup>66:</span> <small>[[RCMP silenced attempts to raise awareness of truth about Lisa's murder]]</small>
* '''&#129054; <span style="font-family:monospace; font-weight:600;">Next:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<sup>#</sup>&nbsp;2:</span> <small>[[Call_back_in_5_days | RCMP: <q>Call back in 5 days</q>]]</small>
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__NOTOC__
== See also ==
* '''Next''' ➜ '''[[Call_back_in_5_days | '''RCMP said <q>Call back in 5 days</q>''']]'''
* List of all blunders on '''''[[:Category:Lisa's List of Fifty|Lisa's List of Fifty]]'''''
* [[Timeline: July 1, 2002]]
* [https://lisamarieyoung.ca/lisa_crimestoppers.html RCMP vs Crime Stoppers]
* 2002-Sep-18 ''[[ndn20020918|Grim Task: Police comb woods for Lisa Young]]'' <small style='whitespace:nowrap'><span class='logo ndn'></span></span>[[:Category:Nanaimo Daily News|Nanaimo Daily News]]</small>
* 2020-Dec-17 ''[[cn20201217|Nanaimo RCMP conduct new searches in nearly two-decade-old case]]'' (video) <small style='whitespace:nowrap'><span class='logo cn'></span></span>[[:Category:CHEK News|CHEK News]]</small>
* [[RCMP didn't "suspect foul play" for 10 days]] and [[Reasons to suspect foul play]]
* [[RCMP ignored neighbours' report of burial]]
* [[RCMP failed to proactively publicize Lisa's case]]
* [[RCMP failed to check cellphone records]]
* [[RCMP failed to check for bank account activity]]
* [[RCMP failed to obtain security camera recordings]]
* [[RCMP failed to question bar patrons or Lisa’s friends]]
* [[Timeline: July 1, 2002]]
* [[RCMP statements]]
* [[Lisa had been missing 80 days before the RCMP's first ground search]]
* [[Search was delayed 18 days due to RCMP prioritization of simple 2 day case]]
* [[RCMP's first search was focused more on officer training than on Lisa]]
* [[RCMP lied about planned searches for Lisa]]
* [[RCMP lied about how often they searched for Lisa]]
* [[RCMP staffing issues prevented additional searches for Lisa]]
* [[Re-enactment: "exhaustive search by Nanaimo RCMP"|Re-enactment: ''"exhaustive search by Nanaimo RCMP"'']]
* [[Tips]]
* [[:Category:Family searches|Category: Family searches]]
* [[:Category:RCMP searches|Category: RCMP searches]]
* [[:Category:RCMP delays‏‎|Category: RCMP delays‏‎]]
* [[:Category:RCMP vs Crime Stoppers‏‎|Category: RCMP vs Crime Stoppers‏‎]]


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:Lisa's List of Fifty]]
[[Category:Lisa's List of Fifty]]
[[Category:RCMP impeded investigation]]
[[Category:RCMP spread misinformation]]
[[Category:RCMP delays]]
[[Category:RCMP quotes]]

Revision as of 04:12, 19 November 2024

“Call back in 48 hours...”
—Nanaimo RCMP to Lisa's mother
July 1, 2002 11:30am

Summary

When Lisa's mother first called Nanaimo RCMP to report Lisa's disappearance, RCMP staff refused to accept the report, and advised her to call back in 2 days.

This was despite the fact that no police force in Canada has ever had a "waiting period" before a missing persons report can be filed, and, in fact, research clearly shows that the first 72 hours are the most crucial to a missing persons investigation.

Detail

Parent's efforts before calling RCMP

Lisa's parents had reason to be concerned; it was not without due diligence that the decision was made to contact the RCMP.

…about to move into a new apartment
Nanaimo Daily News, July 25, 2002 (Nelson Bennett)[1]
...her father was to help her move into a new apartment the day she went missing
Times Colonist, April 4, 2004 (Jim Gibson)[2]

Lisa had failed to show up for early-morning plans with her father,[3] who was going to help her move into her new apartment using his Purolator Courier truck.[1][2] The move was something Lisa had been looking forward to,[4] and she had pre-paid a deposit on her new unit. As Lisa was normally extremely reliable, her parents were immediately very concerned.[5][6][7]


Efforts to call her cellphone since then have been met only with voice mail.
Nanaimo Daily News, July 4, 2002 (Paul Walton)[3]
they were very close with their daughter, and it was unlike her to not be in touch
Nanaimo Daily News, July 9, 2002 (Paul Walton)[8]

Calls by Lisa's mother to her cellphone were forwarded directly to voicemail.[3] This added concern as Lisa had purchased the cellphone proactively/primarily so that her parents could always contact her (as she'd always been very close to her parents).[8] Lisa always carefully ensured the phone was charged, and she had never powered it off.[9]


She called every number in [Lisa's phone book]
Native Women's Association of Canada, May 1, 2015 (Allison Crowe)[10]
maroon or red four-door Jaguar
Nanaimo Daily News, July 12, 2002 (Paul Walton)[11]

Lisa's parents retrieved her address book and called "all" of her many friends.[10] Multiple friends said they saw her the previous night, in conversation outside the bar with the unknown male driver of a maroon Jaguar.[11] Others reported seeing her at a houseparty on Nanaimo Lakes Road[12], or leaving a second party around the Cathers Lake area, in the maroon Jaguar.[13] But nobody knew where Lisa was now.[14]


See also → "Reasons to suspect foul play"


Contacted Police

[Lisa's parents] called police at 11:30am on July 1.
Nanaimo Daily News, July 10, 2002 (Paul Walton)[5]
Frantic, Don and Joanne decided to call the police
Native Women's Association of Canada, May 1, 2015 (Allison Crowe)[10]

By this point, Lisa's parents were frantic.[10]

On Monday, July 1st, 2002 (Canada Day) at about 11:30am[5], Joanne Young (Lisa's mother) called the Nanaimo RCMP detachment to report that her daughter was missing.[10]


Report refused by RCMP

[RCMP] said they needed her to be gone 48 hours [before a report could be filed]
Ha-Shilth-Sa, June 24, 2019 (Eric Plummer)[9]

RCMP staff told Lisa's mother that a report couldn't be filed until 48 hours after Lisa was last seen.

She was advised to call back to file the report after 2 days had passed.[3][9][14][10]

they said just give it 48 hours
MP Paul Manly, House of Commons, Dec 8, 2020[14]

Policy & Research

the first 72 hours in a missing persons investigation are the most critical, according to criminology experts
ABC News, October 8, 2018 (Julia Jacobo)[15]

While once a common myth, no police force in Canada has ever had a policy requiring a "waiting period" before submission of a missing persons report.[16]

Research shows that the first 72 hours are actually the most critical time frame of a "missing persons" investigation.[15][17]


Canadian Centre for Information on Missing Adults, "Quick Facts about Reporting a Missing Adult in Canada"[16]


See also

Sources

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nelson Bennett, Nanaimo Daily News (July 25, 2002), Lisa's kin follow psychic tip (source)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jim Gibson, Times Colonist (Apr 4, 2004), The case Nanaimo can't forget (source)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Paul Walton, Nanaimo Daily News (July 4, 2002), Parents fear daughter the victim of foul play (src)
  4. ↑ Jason Proctor, Vancouver Province (Sep 2, 2002), Where is Lisa-Marie? (source)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Paul Walton, Nanaimo Daily News (July 10, 2002), Police fear local met with foul play (source)
  6. ↑ Jolene Rudisuela, Capital Daily (May 5, 2021), More people go missing in BC than anywhere else in Canada. No one knows why (source)
  7. ↑ Fort McMurray Today (July 10, 2002), Foul play suspected in missing B.C. woman (source)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Paul Walton, Nanaimo Daily News (July 9, 2002), RCMP keep searching for woman (source)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Eric Plummer, Ha-Shilth-Sa (June 24, 2019), Legacy of Lisa Marie Young to hang in Tofino (source)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Allison Crowe, NWAC (May 1, 2015), Story Telling - Lisa Marie Young (PDF) (source)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Paul Walton, Nanaimo Daily News (July 12, 2002), Woman's disappearance leaves friends perplexed ...rumours unfounded (source)
  12. ↑ Paul Walton, Nanaimo Daily News (May 29, 2003), When sadness turns to anger (source)
  13. ↑ Vancouver Sun (Feb 26, 2011), Nanaimo RCMP appeal for help (source)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Paul Manly, House of Commons (Oct 8, 2020), Debates (Hansard) No. 12 (43-2) at 1525 (source)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Julia Jacobo, ABC News (Oct 8, 2018), Why the first 72 hours in a missing persons investigation are the most critical (source)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Canadian Centre for Information on Missing Adults (Dec 1, 2012), Quick facts about reporting a missing adult in Canada - CCIMA (source)
  17. ↑ NIWRC, "Quick Reference Guide for What to Do in the First 72 Hours" (Brochure)
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